Hey there!
The first way a film could be financed is through a loan. Using loan funds can help a filmmaker pay for their movie by postponing the amount that they have to pay up front and putting the amount into installments. However, loans usually come with interest, which can rack up over time and make the filmmaker pay a decent percentage of money on top of the full amount they borrowed.
The second way is through a grant. Grants are similar to loans, except they don't need to be paid back. Usually, grants are very hard to get and are typically available to movies of certain genres. So, a filmmaker shouldn't rely on being able to get one if they're not doing their movie for charity or some sort of cause.
Finally, a filmmaker could pay for their movie out of pocket. This has a lot of risks, including going into debt, especially if their movie doesn't do well in theatre or wherever it's able to be purchased. Plus, if they're in debt, unless they make the unwise decision to take out a loan, they will most likely not be able to make any more movies for a long time until they get things situated. However, if they have the money to do it, they wouldn't need any middle men to finance their movie.
Hope this helps you out! :-)
