Covalent bonds form when atoms share electrons. This sharing allows each atom to achieve its octet of electrons and greater stability. Methane, CH 4, the simplest organic compound, contains covalent bonds. Carbon has four valence electrons, while hydrogen has one valence electron. By sharing these outer‐shell electrons, carbon and hydrogen complete their valence shells and become more stable. The duet of electrons on the hydrogen is isoelectronic with helium and forms a complete shell.
