was able to prove that the federal government had the power to over rule
the state law. This allowed Gibbons to use the waters through New York
for Commerce. Ogden originally was the only one with the license which
made it a monopoly. Once it crossed state lines it conflicted with
federal law, specifically the Article 1 Section 8 of the constitution
that Congress had exclusive national power over interstate commerce.
This is what Gibbon's lawyer used as his defense.
