According to the question, an example of a type of research that could result in group harm is a study of the genetic links between DNA samples found at a prehistoric central Asian archaeological site and west coast Native American tribes.
Research studies, such as psychological studies can put a participant in a state that is not pleasant or make them uncomfortable for the purpose of learning about their feeling or reactions towards a particular situation.
The consequences of this can cause psychological harm that can show itself through feeling depressed, embarrassed, shameful and guilty. It can cause loss of self confidence.
If researcher collects information about event that are upsetting or highly disturbing, there is a likely chances that the participants would be psychologically disturb or upset.
Collecting information that has to do with painful experiences, sexual trauma could upset the participants and it could result into psychological issues
However, harm is one of the most important thing that IRB (institutional review board) keep in mind when reviewing research for the purpose of ethical and legal soundness.
The type of research that could cause harm to the subject matter may take longer before it is approved and sometimes not approved.
Also the federal government set the threshold for minimum risk of harm.
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