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Formal amendments may be proposed and ratified by four different methods. Explain each of the four methods, which may be followed for a formal amendment to the Constitution.

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Answer:

A formal amendment is a change to the Constitution's written words.

Article V sets out two methods for the proposal and two methods for the ratification of  Constitutional amendments, creating four possible methods of formal amendment.

Method 1: Congress Proposes then State Legislatures ratify (2/3 of each house, 3/4 of state legislatures).

Method 2: Congress Proposes the State Conventions ratify (Proposed by Congress, ratified by 3/4 of state conventions (21st)).

Method 3: National Convention Proposes and State Legislatures ratify (2/3 state legislatures request Congress to call a national convention. Then must be ratified by 3/4 state legislatures).

Method 4: National Convention Proposes and State Conventions ratify (Proposed by national convention, ratified by conventions in 3/4 of states).