Answer:
1. Transportation: Waterways, such as rivers and coastlines, provide an efficient mode of transportation for goods and people. Cities located near water can easily access trade routes and facilitate the movement of goods to and from different regions. This allows for economic growth and development.
2. Agriculture and Irrigation: Water is crucial for agriculture, and cities near water have better access to irrigation systems. Rivers, such as the Yellow River and Yangtze River in China, provide a steady water supply for farming. The availability of water enables the cultivation of crops and supports the development of agriculture-based economies.
3. Drinking Water: Access to clean drinking water is essential for the survival and well-being of a population. Cities near water have a reliable source of fresh water, which can be used for drinking, cooking, and sanitation purposes. This helps sustain large populations and supports urban growth.
4. Industrial Development: Water can also be harnessed for industrial purposes. Industries require water for various processes, such as manufacturing, cooling, and power generation. Being located near water sources allows cities to meet these industrial demands efficiently.
5. Defense and Security: Historically, cities near water were easier to defend against invasions. Water bodies acted as natural barriers and provided strategic advantages in terms of protection. Additionally, naval forces can be stationed in coastal cities to safeguard national interests and secure trade routes.
