Answer:
Explanation:
A) By protecting the genetic material in a dormant state
Endospores are specialized structures formed by some bacteria as a survival mechanism in response to harsh environmental conditions. These structures allow bacteria to enter a dormant state and protect their genetic material, enabling them to withstand extreme conditions that would otherwise be lethal.
During endospore formation, the bacterial cell undergoes a process called sporulation, where it produces a thick, protective protein coat around its DNA, along with enzymes and other molecules necessary for survival. This protective coat helps to shield the genetic material inside the endospore from damage caused by heat, radiation, desiccation, and other harsh conditions.
By entering a dormant state and forming endospores, bacteria can essentially "shut down" their metabolic processes, conserving energy and resources until conditions become more favorable for growth and reproduction. Once conditions improve, the endospore can germinate and give rise to a new vegetative cell capable of resuming normal metabolic activity.
In summary, endospores allow bacteria to survive harsh environments by protecting their genetic material in a dormant state, effectively enabling them to withstand conditions that would otherwise be lethal.
