Given claim: A coin favors heads when tossed, and there are 90 heads in 100 tosses.
Answer: There isn’t sufficient evidence to support this claim, because the coin is a fair coin.
Given claim: Movie patrons have IQ scores with a standard deviation that is less than the standard deviation of 15 for the general population. A simple random sample of 40 movie patrons result in IQ scores with a standard deviation of 14.8.
Answer: Claim is either true or false
In a rare event rule, we conclude that the assumption is probably not correct, if, under a given assumption, the probability of a particular observed event is exceptionally small.