Respuesta :
1. **Major Problems of Urban Centers in Ethiopia:**
- Rapid Population Growth: Many urban areas face challenges related to a quickly growing population.
- Inadequate Infrastructure: Insufficient roads, water supply, sanitation, and electricity infrastructure.
- Unemployment: Urban centers often struggle with high levels of unemployment and underemployment.
- Housing Shortages: Limited affordable housing options contribute to housing problems in urban areas.
2. **Mechanisms of Controlling Soil Erosion:**
- **Vegetative Cover:** Planting cover crops or trees helps anchor soil and reduces erosion.
- **Terracing:** Building terraces on hilly terrain slows down water runoff and minimizes soil erosion.
- **Contour Plowing:** Plowing along the contours of the land helps prevent water from flowing downhill and carrying away topsoil.
- **Cover Cropping:** Planting specific crops to cover and protect the soil during periods of non-cultivation.
3. **Major Controls of Weather and Climate:**
- **Solar Radiation:** The primary driver of weather patterns, influencing temperature variations globally.
- **Atmospheric Circulation:** Global wind patterns and pressure systems impact weather conditions.
- **Ocean Currents:** Influence temperature and precipitation patterns near coastlines.
- **Topography:** Mountains and large bodies of water affect local weather conditions.
4. **Types of Equinoxes and Solstices:**
- **Vernal Equinox:** Around March 20th when day and night are approximately equal.
- **Autumnal Equinox:** Around September 22nd with equal day and night durations.
- **Summer Solstice:** Around June 21st when the Northern Hemisphere experiences its longest day.
- **Winter Solstice:** Around December 21st when the Northern Hemisphere experiences its shortest day.
5. **Lapse Rate and Basic Classifications:**
- **Lapse Rate:** The rate at which temperature decreases with an increase in altitude.
- **Adiabatic Lapse Rate:** The rate of temperature change in a parcel of air as it rises or descends.
- **Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate:** The rate of temperature change for dry air.
- **Moist Adiabatic Lapse Rate:** The rate of temperature change for moist air, which contains water vapor.
6. **Hydroelectric and Fishing Potential of Ethiopian Water Resources:**
- **Hydroelectric Potential:** Ethiopia has significant hydroelectric potential, with numerous rivers suitable for dam construction. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam is a notable project.
- **Fishing Potential:** Ethiopia has several lakes, including Lake Tana, which supports fisheries. Sustainable management is crucial to harness the fishing potential without depleting resources.
