Respuesta :
Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
1. HIV is primarily transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse, sharing needles or syringes, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), "HIV Transmission," https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/transmission.html
2. Using condoms consistently and correctly during sexual activity, avoiding sharing needles or syringes, and accessing pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can significantly reduce the risk of HIV transmission.
World Health Organization (WHO), "Prevention of HIV," https://www.who.int/hiv/topics/prevention/en/
HIV Testing and Diagnosis1. HIV testing is recommended for everyone between the ages of 13 and 64 as part of routine healthcare, and more frequent testing is recommended for individuals with higher risk factors for HIV.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), "HIV Testing," https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/testing/index.html
2.. HIV testing is confidential, meaning that the results are only shared with the individual being tested and healthcare providers involved in their care. Anonymous testing options are also available in some settings for added privacy.
Stigma and Discrimination
1. Stigma and discrimination surrounding HIV/AIDS can deter individuals from seeking testing, treatment, and support services, leading to delays in diagnosis and poorer health outcomes. UNAIDS, "Ending Discrimination," https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/featurestories/2018/march/ending-discrimination
2. Combatting HIV-related stigma and discrimination requires multi-sectoral efforts, including education, advocacy, policy change, and community engagement to promote awareness, empathy, and acceptance.World Health Organization (WHO), "Stigma and Discrimination," https://www.who.int/hiv/topics/stigma/en/