A 43-year-old woman with a history of asthma presents to the emergency department with an acute asthma attack after her bronchodilator inhaler ran out the day before. Airway resistance is greater at which of the following?
a. At low lung volumes compared with high lung volumes
b. At lower values for Reynolds number
c. During inspiration compared with expiration
d. In the total cross-section of the small airways compared with the total cross-section of the central airways
e. With laminar flow than with turbulent flow