Respuesta :
Answer:
a. Intellectual Disabilities
1. Causes:
Genetic conditions: Down syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, and other genetic disorders can lead to intellectual disabilities.
Prenatal exposure to toxins: Exposure to harmful substances like alcohol or certain drugs during pregnancy can result in intellectual disabilities.
2. Characteristics:
Limitations in intellectual functioning: Individuals with intellectual disabilities may have difficulties with reasoning, problem-solving, and learning.
Impaired adaptive behaviors: Challenges in activities of daily living, communication, and social interactions are common characteristics of intellectual disabilities.
3. Diagnosis:
Intellectual functioning assessment: IQ tests such as the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) are commonly used to measure intellectual functioning.
Adaptive behavior assessment: Tools like the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales are used to evaluate an individual's adaptive skills.
4. Treatment options:
Educational interventions: Special education programs tailored to the individual's needs can help improve academic and adaptive skills.
Behavioral therapy: Behavior modification techniques, such as Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), can be effective in addressing challenging behaviors.
5. Teaching strategies:
Individualized instruction: Providing personalized learning plans and accommodations to meet the unique needs of students with intellectual disabilities.
Visual aids and structured routines: Using visual schedules, picture cards, and consistent routines to enhance understanding and predictability in the classroom.
