Assessing severe acute malnutrition involves a combination of clinical signs, physical measurements, and medical history. Here are some common criteria used for assessment:
1. Weight for Height: This involves comparing the child’s weight to their height. Severe acute malnutrition is often indicated by a very low weight-for-height ratio, typically below -3 standard deviations from the median of a reference population, as measured by z-scores.
2. Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC): MUAC is measured using a flexible, non-stretchable tape around the mid-point of the left upper arm. A MUAC of less than 115mm in children aged 6-59 months is indicative of severe acute malnutrition.
3. Bilateral Pedal Edema: Swelling of both feet is a sign of severe malnutrition and fluid retention.
4. Medical History: Information about recent weight loss, appetite, and feeding habits is important for assessing nutritional status.
5. General Clinical Examination: This includes assessing for signs of general ill-health, such as lethargy, irritability, skin changes, and signs of infection.
6. Presence of Medical Complications: Severe acute malnutrition often presents with medical complications such as hypothermia, hypoglycemia, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances, which need to be assessed and managed promptly.
7. Nutritional Status of Caregivers: The nutritional status of caregivers and household members can also be relevant, as it may affect the child’s access to food and caregiving practices.
These criteria are often used in combination to make an accurate assessment of severe acute malnutrition and guide appropriate management, which may include therapeutic feeding, medical treatment of complications, and nutritional counseling for caregivers. It’s important to note that these criteria may vary slightly depending on the specific guidelines used by health organizations and agencies.
