Answer:
In the scenario provided, where Alberto has developed anxiety about tests and associates it with the sight of his teacher wearing a Hawaiian shirt, we can label the elements as follows:
- Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): The unconditioned stimulus is the original stimulus that triggers a response without any prior learning. In this scenario, the unconditioned stimulus is the test, which naturally causes anxiety in Alberto.
- Unconditioned Response (UCR): The unconditioned response is the natural reaction or response to the unconditioned stimulus. Here, Alberto's natural response to the test (unconditioned stimulus) is feeling anxious.
- Neutral Stimulus (NS)/Conditioned Stimulus (CS): The neutral stimulus becomes the conditioned stimulus through association with the unconditioned stimulus. In this case, the neutral stimulus is the Hawaiian shirt worn by Alberto's teacher. Initially, the Hawaiian shirt had no impact on Alberto's anxiety response.
- Conditioned Response (CR): The conditioned response is the learned response to the conditioned stimulus, which was originally a neutral stimulus. In this scenario, the conditioned response is Alberto feeling anxious (developing sweaty hands) upon seeing the Hawaiian shirt worn by his teacher, even without the presence of a test.
Therefore, the elements in the scenario can be labeled as follows:
- Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): Test
- Unconditioned Response (UCR): Anxiety towards tests
- Neutral Stimulus (NS)/Conditioned Stimulus (CS): Hawaiian shirt worn by the teacher
- Conditioned Response (CR): Anxiety (sweaty hands) triggered by the sight of the Hawaiian shirt
