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Answer: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were influential figures in the development of socialist and communist theories. Their main points and arguments can be summarized as follows:
Class Struggle: Marx and Engels argued that throughout history, societies have been divided into opposing classes - the ruling class (bourgeoisie) and the working class (proletariat). They believed that the interests of these two classes were inherently in conflict, leading to a constant struggle for power and resources.
Historical Materialism: Marx and Engels developed the theory of historical materialism, which posits that the economic system of a society (mode of production) determines its social and political structure. They argued that changes in the economic base of society (such as technological advancements) ultimately drive changes in the social relations and ideologies of that society.
Capitalism: Marx and Engels critiqued capitalism as a system that exploits and alienates the working class by extracting surplus value from their labor. They argued that the inherent contradictions of capitalism, such as overproduction and economic crises, would eventually lead to its collapse.
Communism: Marx and Engels envisioned a communist society as the ultimate goal of history, where private property and social classes would be abolished. They believed that in a communist society, the means of production would be owned collectively by the workers, and the principle of "from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs" would prevail.
Overall, Marx and Engels sought to analyze and critique the capitalist system, as well as to advocate for a revolutionary transformation of society that would lead to a more equitable and just economic system. Their ideas continue to influence political and
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