4. Compare and contrast the poetic structures used in "Retort" by Paul Lawrence Dunbar and the lines "From The People, Yes." by Carl Sanberg. Explain how the different structures of the two poems contribute to their different styles. Use these guidelines in your writing or discussion. • • • Determine if each poem has a pattern of rhyme. Determine if each poem has a certain meter, or pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables. Recall common sound devices in poems. These include alliteration (repetition of consonant sounds at the beginnings of syllables), consonance (repetition of consonant sounds at the ends of syllables with different vowel sounds), and assonance (repetition of vowel sounds in stressed syllables that end with different consonant sounds). Then, identify examples of sound devices in each poem. • Identify the style of each poem and explain how the structure of the poem contributes to its style. Consider if the style is formal or casual and how the structure supports that style.

“Retort” by Paul Lawrence Dunbar and the lines “From The People, Yes.” by Carl Sandburg employ different poetic structures that contribute to their distinct styles.

1. Poetic Structures:

“Retort” by Paul Lawrence Dunbar:

• Structure: The poem consists of eight lines with a regular ABAB rhyme scheme.
• Rhyme Scheme: ABAB CDCD
• Meter: The poem has a consistent iambic tetrameter, with four stressed and four unstressed syllables in each line.
• Sound Devices: Alliteration is present in lines such as “His hot retort was just a shot.”

“From The People, Yes.” by Carl Sandburg:

• Structure: The lines from Carl Sandburg’s poem are part of a longer free verse poem, without a specific stanza structure.
• Rhyme Scheme: The poem does not have a consistent rhyme scheme.
• Meter: The poem lacks a regular meter, allowing for greater flexibility in the rhythm and pacing of the lines.
• Sound Devices: Sandburg utilizes alliteration in phrases like “wheel of work.”

2. Style:

“Retort” by Paul Lawrence Dunbar:

• Style: The style of “Retort” is more formal and structured, with its consistent rhyme scheme and meter.
• Structure Contribution: The structured form of the poem contributes to its formal style, providing a sense of order and control in the expression of the speaker’s thoughts.

“From The People, Yes.” by Carl Sandburg:

• Style: The style of Carl Sandburg’s poem is more casual and free-flowing, typical of free verse poetry.
• Structure Contribution: The absence of a strict structure in “From The People, Yes.” supports its casual style, allowing the poem to flow freely and reflect the spontaneous nature of the speaker’s reflections on various aspects of life.

In summary, “Retort” by Paul Lawrence Dunbar employs a formal structure with regular rhyme and meter, contributing to its formal style, while the lines from “From The People, Yes.” by Carl Sandburg are part of a free verse poem, reflecting a more casual and spontaneous style.

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