Qualitative/ordinal: This is a type of variable that describes the quality of an object that varies in intensity in which you can order. For example, if you are to describe how you feel, you can either answer in the order of: unhappy, okay, happy, very happy.
Qualitative/nominal: This also gives description of quality. However, there is no overlap or in-betweens. For example, when you describe the biological gender, you can either answer as male or female.
Quantitative/discrete: This gives a number in quantity that can only be presented as whole number, not fractions. For example, the number of people living in a certain area can only be answered by whole numbers. It is impossible to have 500.5 people. It should be 500 or 501.
Quantitative/continuous: This describes quantity in terms of fractions or decimals. For example, the height could be between 4 ft and 5 ft. So, you answer as 4.5 ft.
