1. [tex]AB \cong CD[/tex]
congruent means equal
2. [tex]AB \cong BC[/tex]
bisect means to cut a line segment in two equal parts
Above the AB, CD, AB, and BC there has to be a line. I could not write that because LaTeX doesn't allow it.
3. [tex]2x + 5 = 4x-8[/tex]
You set both equal to each other
4. [tex]PA \cong AT[/tex]
midpoint means that both line segments are equal
Same thing goes for PA, and AT. You need to draw a line above it.
Hope that helped :)