Answer;
A. Devastation by the pine bark beetle
Explanation;
If the presence or absence of a factor limits the growth of the ecosystems elements, it is called a limiting factor.
There are several abiotic factors that limit ecosystem growth, including temperature, precipitation, sunlight, soil configuration, and soil nutrients. Some limiting factors depend on the size of the population. Other limiting factors affect all populations in similar ways, regardless of the population size.
If the presence or absence of a factor limits the growth of the ecosystems of the elements, it is called a limiting factor, devastation by the pine bark beetle.
In the world, determining factors like the availability of edibles, water, cover and space can alter flora and faunna populations.
Other limiting factors, like rival for resources, predation and disease can also affect populations.
Thus, correct option is "A" ,other limiting factors affect all populations in similar ways, regardless of the population size.
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