The term fundamentalism initially referred precisely to Protestants in the United States in the 1920s.
Fundamentalism is a movement in a school, ideology or religion that seeks to return to what is believed to be the basics or principles (fundamental). Therefore, groups that follow this understanding often clash with other groups even those in their own religious environment. They consider themselves purer and thus also truer than their opponents whose faith or religious teachings have been "polluted".
This movement is claimed to be an intellectual attitude that seeks to embed political foundations and principles as written in the scriptures. Fundamentalists say that modernists have corrupted Christianity on the pretext that modernists have sacrificed scriptures for the sake of science. Then the fundamentalist movement became a militant movement that used political power to fight everything that was considered liberal.
In Islam, fundamentalism is also interpreted as an understanding that intends to maintain the basic teachings of Islam, away from all forms of superstition, heresy, and khurafat as practiced by Ahmad bin Hanbal and Ibn Taimiyah.
Islamic fundamentalism was popular in the West after the 1979 Iranian revolution. According to E. Marty (1991), there are two principles of fundamentalism:
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Class: College
Subjects: History
Keywords: Fundamentalism, Christianity, Islam
