Answer: D) Zionism
Zionism was a national movement that wanted to re-establish a Jewish homeland in the historic Land of Israel (roughly corresponding to Israel and Palestine). Zionism became popular during the late 19th century in Central and Eastern Europe, when antisemitism was rampant and many other nationalist movements were gaining traction.
Zionism has been greatly criticized. Critics argue that it is a colonist, racist and exceptionalist ideology. They also criticize the treatment of Palestinians, their forced removal and the loss of their property and territory.
