Because he was charged more than $10, we can write the equation:
0.15*t+10=14.50
Where t is the amount of text messages over 500.
Alternatively, you could do:
0.15*(t-500)+10=14.50
Where t is the amount of text messages. 0.15 modifies t or t-500 because it's the cost for texts over 500, and 10 is added for the first 500 texts. 14.50 is on the other side because it's the total cost.