1. How did Mussolini and the Fascists rise to power?
A. by aligning with Communist revolutionaries against the military
B. by calling for free elections and a representative government
C. by implementing popular social reforms like land redistribution
D. by appealing to citizens’ anger at economic crisis and social unrest

2. Why did the United States support Panama’s revolt and independence from Columbia?
A. to prevent British and French expansion in the region
B. to justify the sailing of U.S. warships in the Caribbean Sea
C. to build a canal linking the Atlantic and the Pacific
D. to establish a U.S. colony in Central America

3. Which event enabled the formation of a democratic government in Argentina in 1983?
A. Defeat in the Falklands War weakened the military regime.
B. Disappearances of political activists motivated a political revolution.
C. Juan Peron’s autocratic methods led to social unrest.
D. Socialist reforms spurred a conservative backlash.

4. Which impact did the use of atomic weapons have on World War II?
A. wiped out German military capability
B. liberated Holocaust victims from camps
C. forced the withdrawal of the Soviet Union
D. led the Japanese to surrender

5. How did European competition for colonies affect Africa?
A. European colonies treated African colonies with respect.
B. Competition ended the West African and East African slave trades.
C. The division of Africa by European countries stopped the spread of Islam.
D. Countries were created without regard for traditional ethnic groupings.

6. Which statement best describes an impact of modern technology on standards of living in developing nations?
A. Genetic engineering increases food output, but equitable distribution remains a problem.
B. Vaccines eliminate dangerous diseases, but their effectiveness declines over time.
C. Computers and machines improve productivity, but reduce the need for human workers.
D. Biotechnology provides medicine for previously incurable diseases, but reduces life expectancy.

7. How did technological innovation most increase globalization?
A. The Internet increased economic, social, and cultural exchanges.
B. Wireless communications reduced the need for person-to-person contact.
C. Digital media rendered travel less necessary.
D. Life-saving medicines brought more people closer together.

8. Which change characterized one difference between the first and the second Industrial Revolutions?
A. Electricity replaced steam power in homes and businesses.
B. Farm enclosures made more people available to work in industry.
C. Machines began to take the place of workers.
D. Steel production made it faster and easier to lay railroads.

9. How did Japan’s geography encourage the building of empires?
A. Japan’s largely uninhabitable terrain led its people to look to other lands.
B. Japan’s location enabled it to avoid unwanted contact with foreign nations.
C. Japan had enough land to support a growing population.
D. Japan lacked resources needed for industrialization.

10. Among which portion of the population did Mao Zedong and Chinese Communists win enough support to drive out Jiang Jieshi and the Guomindang?
A. middle-class merchants
B. nationalist followers
C. religious zealots
D. peasant farmers