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In research, a confound is ____________.
a. the difficulty we experience in thinking of counter-examples to our beliefs.
b. an alternative explanation for an outcome that comes about because more than one thing changed at the same time.
c. when the outcome of a study contradicts the researcher's hypothesis.
d. an instance when the actual outcome is contrary to the probabilistic prediction.

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Etta217
It is letter B. A confounding variable or otherwise called a third factor or a go between factor, impacts both the autonomous variable and ward variable. Being ignorant of or neglecting to control for frustrating factors may make the analyst break down the outcomes inaccurately.

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