1)Gregor Mendel wanted to understand how TRAITS were inherited, so he performed GENETIC experiments using pea plants.
Mendel, when looked at a plant, was curious how their different colors, shapes, and sizes were inherited from their parents. Those characteristics are called traits and to understand how they worked, Mendel performed experiments in their genes (genetic experiments). For an easier and faster study, he used pea plants.
2) Mendel used plants that were PUREBRED. That means that the plants had self-pollinated (because they are hermaphrodite). Doing that for a lot of generations, made sure that he knew for sure what alleles the plant had. After being sure, he could cross with other purebred plants to see what he would obtain.
For example, one purebred plant that is yellow crossed with one purebred plant that is green. All the plants would be yellow, and Mendel would conclude that yellow is the dominant allele.
3) First, Mendel CROSSED a plant displaying the dominant phenotype with a plant displaying the recessive phenotype.
He examined seven " either-or" characteristics- which means that there are two possibilities for the traits/ characteristic. For example, the pea plant is either green or yellow; either round or wrinkly. One of them was dominant, while the other was recessive. He did this for seven different characteristics.
It's important to say that phenotype is the observable characteristics we see on the organism(pea plant) that was a result of their genetic information.
