How does the opening of "Marian Anderson Sings" compare to the opening structure of the biography of Marian Anderson?


A. Both "Marian Anderson Sings" and the biography use a cause and effect structure; therefore, each open with an important event and the effect it had on Anderson's life.


B. Both texts are structured chronologically, beginning with the birth of Anderson.


C. The biography of Anderson opens with a dramatic event from her life. "Marian Anderson Sings" begins with a chronological description of events.


D. "Marian Anderson Sings" uses in medias res, opening with the most dramatic moment. The biography begins with the birth of Anderson.


Although "Marian Anderson Sings" focuses on an event in her adult life, the author begins a paragraph with, "Even as a little girl in Philadelphia."

What type of organizational structure is this an example of?


A. compare and contrast


B. cause and effect


C. in medias res


D. flashback

Which offers the best summary for the argument and claims made in the Kennedy speech?


A. Kennedy argues that the space program is not as important as educating our children in the art of debate for future political battles with the Soviets.



B. Kennedy argues that it is vital for America to catch up to and surpass the Soviets in the space race since it will lead to world respect, national pride, and increased economic growth.


C. Kennedy argues that we must develop nuclear weapons that can travel in space in order to be protected from the Soviets.


D. Kennedy argues that America needs less funding for the space program and more funding for the arts.


Which identifies a fact given in the speech?


A. If this capsule history of our progress teaches us anything, it is that man, in his quest for knowledge and progress, is determined and cannot be deterred.



B. Within these last 19 months at least 45 satellites have circled the earth.


C. Its conquest deserves the best of all mankind, and its opportunity for peaceful cooperation may never come again.


D. The exploration of space will go ahead, whether we join in it or not, and it is one of the great adventures of all time, and no nation which expects to be the leader of other nations can expect to stay behind in the race for space.


Which of the following is one of the supporting claims in President Kennedy's speech?


A. It is not possible to cooperate with other nations when exploring space.


B. The space race only matters to those who are a part of it.


C. Without the involvement of the United States, the space race will not succeed.



D. The United States must be a leader in innovation in order to help steer its course.