The following options are attached to the question given above:
A) A eukaryotic cell that can make its own food
B) A prokaryotic cell that can make its own food
C) An aerobic bacterium
D) An anaerobic bacterium
ANSWER
The correct option is A.
Endosymbiotic theory is a theory that talks about the evolution of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic organisms. The theory proposes that mitochondria and plastids {chloroplast}, which are found in eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic cells. Based on this theory, an endosymbiosis of a cell with a cynaobacterium would result in a eukaryotic cell that can manufacture its own food because it contains plastids.
The endosymbiotic theory states that chloroplast derivates from cyanobacteria. Plant cells are the eukaryotic cells that contain chloroplast and photosynthesize, producing the organic compounds needed to live.
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The endosymbiotic theory proposes that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living bacteria that were phagocytized by another cell but not digested.
These bacteria got to adapt to their host, and both cells became interdependent.
Both organelles have many similarities with other free-living bacteria.
From the phagocytosis moment, these two cells became so dependant on each other, they could not survive without the other one.
Chloroplasts and mitochondria share some traits with free-living bacteria, that support the theory.
• Both organelles present their genetic material.
• Both organelles divide by binary fission, not by mitosis, and can synthesize their ribosomes and organelles.
• Both organelles present a double membrane, a characteristic that reinforces the idea of being phagocyted.
• Finally, the sizes of the organelles are similar to the size of some procaryotes
According to this information, the chloroplast must derivate from cyanobacteria.
Cyanobacteria produce ATP and organic compounds from inorganic matter using sunlight.
Plant cells are the eukaryotic cells that contain chloroplast and photosynthesize, producing the organic compounds needed to live.
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