1) Answer is: there are 28 moles of hydrogen in 2.8 mol of caffeine.
Caffeine has molecular formula C₈H₁₀N₄O₂.
In one molecule of caffeine there are ten hydrogen atoms:
n(C₈H₁₀N₄O₂) : n(H) = 1 : 10.
n(C₈H₁₀N₄O₂) = 2.8 mol; amount of coffeine molecules.
2.8 mol : n(H) = 1 : 10.
n(H) = 2.8 mol · 10.
n(H) = 28 mol; amount of hydrogen atoms.
2) Answer is: there are 16 moles of carbon in 2.0 mol of caffeine.
In one molecule of caffeine (C₈H₁₀N₄O₂) there are eight carbon atoms:
n(C₈H₁₀N₄O₂) : n(C) = 1 : 8.
n(C₈H₁₀N₄O₂) = 2.0 mol; amount of the coffeine molecules.
2.0 mol : n(C) = 1 : 8.
n(C) = 2.0 mol · 8.
n(C) = 16 mol; amount of the carbon atoms.
3) Answer is: there are 1.6 moles of nitrogen in 0.4 mol of caffeine.
In one molecule of caffeine (C₈H₁₀N₄O₂) there are four nitrogen atoms:
n(C₈H₁₀N₄O₂) : n(N) = 1 : 4.
n(C₈H₁₀N₄O₂) = 0.4 mol; amount of the coffeine molecules.
0.4 mol : n(N) = 1 : 4.
n(N) = 0.4 mol · 4.
n(N) = 1.6 mol; amount of the nitrogen atoms.
4) Answer is: there are 7 moles of oxygen in 3.5 mol of caffeine.
In one molecule of caffeine (C₈H₁₀N₄O₂) there are two oxygen atoms:
n(C₈H₁₀N₄O₂) : n(O) = 1 : 2.
n(C₈H₁₀N₄O₂) = 3.5 mol; amount of the coffeine molecules.
3.5 mol : n(O) = 1 : 2.
n(O) = 3.5 mol · 2.
n(O) = 7 mol; amount of the oxygen atoms.
The amount of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen in caffeine are 28, 16, 1.6 and 7 moles,
The empirical formula is the smallest comparison of the atoms forming the compound.
Molecular formulas are formulas that show the number of atomic elements that make up a compound.
(empirical formula) n = molecular formula
The principle of determining empirical formulas and molecular formulas
The molecular formula of Caffeine is C₈H₁₀N₄O₂
From this we can see that the mole ratio of each constituent element of caffeine is:
C: H: N: O = 8: 10: 4: 2
Search for moles of forming elements based on the index of elements in the molecule
1. In 2.8 moles of caffeine molecules there is hydrogen = 10 x 2.8 mol = 28 moles
2. In 2.0 moles of caffeine molecules there is carbon = 8 x 2.0 mol = 16 moles
3. In 0.4 moles of caffeine molecules there is nitrogen = 4 x 0.4 mol = 1.6 moles
4. In 3.5 moles of caffeine molecules there is oxygen = 2 x 3.5 mol = 7 moles
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Keywords: Caffeine molecules, The molecular formula, The empirical formula
