Answer:
The various types of reliefs on the planet are the result of a series of modeling agents that can be internal or external. In the case of folds and failures, they are internal or endogenous agents, arising from movements in the lithospheric plates.
The faults, or failures, are formed from movements caused by enormous pressures that happen vertically and horizontally, exerting a great force on more solid and rigid rocks, such as crystalline ones. In the execution of the phenomenon, they form ruptures or cracks in the extensions of the rocks. This causes the slip between the rocks. Such movements are responsible for the emergence of cliffs and valleys. Faults can also arise in places where lithospheric plate encounters occur.
The types of geological fault vary according to the criteria used in their classification. In the present approach, they are typified in three different forms: normal, reverse, and current.
In the normal type fault, the split occurs when a block “descends” or lowers from the fault surface. This occurs when the pressure exerted on the region causes a negative tension.
In reverse-type failure, splitting occurs when a block “rises” in relation to the fault, raising its surface. This happens when tectonism causes a tension responsible for compressing the space occupied by the rock layers.
In the current fault, also called horizontal fault, there is a parallel movement between the two blocks, which can be caused by inverse vectors of horizontal forces applied on each rock segment.
The manifestation of geological faults usually occurs in locations close to the meeting between two distinct tectonic plates, but can also manifest in internal continental zones.
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