Answer:
D) persuasive devices.
Explanation:
Although all of these are elements that a writer could use to express his ideas, persuasive devices are the most effective and common devices that authors use to appeal to readers. This is because, as the name indicates, persuasive devices are intended to "persuade" or convince the audience of supporting a particular position. By using these devices, the author is able to convey his point of view, as well as provide evidence that supports it.
