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the same amount of heat energy is added to equal masses of lead, iron, basalt, and water at room temperature. Assuming no phase change takes place, which substance will have the smallest change in temperature?

Respuesta :

AL2006
After equal masses absorb equal amounts of heat, the substance
with the greatest 'specific heat capacity' will have the smallest change
in temperature.

The specific heat capacities of those substances are ...

Water . . . . .  4,181       joules per kilogram-°C
Lead . . . . . . . . 125.6
Iron . . . . . . . . . 460.5
Basalt . . . . . . . . . 0.84

It looks like water is the easy winner.

THAT's why, in the days before electric blankets, hot-water bottles
were used to warm up a cold bed ... not hot-iron bottles or hot-basalt
bottles.  A pound of hot water brings much more heat to the sheets 
than a pound of any of those others.
facundo3141592

By comparing the specific heats of the listed materials, we will see that the one with the smallest change in temperature is water.

We define the specific heat of a material as the amount of energy that they need to increase its temperature per unit of mass.

For the given materials, the specific heats are:

  • Material         Specific Heat
  • Water    ⇒        4.184 J/(K*g)
  • Lead      ⇒        0.128 J/(K*g)
  • Iron       ⇒         0.450 J/(K*g)
  • Basalt    ⇒        0.84 J/(K*g)

So we can see that water has the largest specific heat, meaning that, to increase one gram of water by 1 kelvin degree, you need to give it 4.184 Joules of energy. Thus, if we give all of these materials the same amount of energy, the one that will have the smallest increase in temperature is water.

If you want to learn more about specific heat, you can read:

https://brainly.com/question/12474790

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