Sickle cell anemia is known to run in a family. A pedigree chart for this family is shown below. The parents are shown at the top and from left to right appear as a half-shaded circle labeled 1 next to a half-shaded square labeled 2. The two are connected by a straight line. Below the parent pair is a vertical straight line connecting to the next row of circles and squares which are the offspring. Starting from left an unshaded square labeled 1, half-shaded circle labeled 2, another half-shaded circle labeled 3, and a completely shaded square are shown labeled 4. All of these are also connected by a horizontal straight line. What best describes offspring 4?

"In sickle cell anemia, some red blood cells look like sickles used to cut wheat. These unusually shaped cells give the disease its name. Sickle cell anemia is one of a group of inherited disorders known as sickle cell disease. It affects the shape of red blood cells, which carry oxygen to all parts of the body."

What causes sickle cell disease?

"Sickle cell is an inherited disease caused by a defect in a gene. A person will be born with sickle cell disease only if two genes are inherited—one from the mother and one from the father. A person who inherits just one gene is healthy and said to be a "carrier" of the disease."

What is a pedigree chart?

"A pedigree chart is a diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance of phenotypes of a particular gene or organism and its ancestors from one generation to the next, most commonly humans, show dogs, and race horses."

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