Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
We are to find critical values for the test given
a) df =16: Alpha = 0.01 and right tailed
Critical value= 2.583
b) df = 23-1 = 22: alpha = 0.1 and left tailed
critical= -1.717
c)df=31-1 =30: alpha =0.1: two tailed
t =1.697
Critical values can be obtained from critical t tables.
Left tailed will have negative sign and right tailed positive