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(81 (ii) The nitrogen atom of pyridine contains a lone pair of electrons, however this lone electron pair is incapable of increasing the electron density of the n electron system to any significant degree. With the aid of diagrams explain why this is the case.

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Answer:

Explanation has been given below

Explanation:

  • Lone pair on N atom in pyridine lies in [tex]sp^{2}[/tex] hybridized orbital of N atom.
  • Delocalization of this lone pair into requires [tex]sp^{3}[/tex] hybridized state of N atom.
  • [tex]sp^{3}[/tex] hybridization of N atom is not possible because it will lead to highly strained 6-membered cyclic structure.
  • Hence lone pair on N atom does not involve in delocalization and thereby does not increase electron density in aromatic ring.
  • Diagram has been shown below.
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