An American manager in Colombia routinely pays off the local drug lord to guarantee that his plant will not be bombed and that none of his employees will be kidnapped. The manager argues that such payments are ethically defensible because everyone is doing it in Colombia in order to stay in business. The manager's argument exemplifies which of the following ethical approaches?
a. Naive immoralist
b. Kantian ethics
c. Righteous moralist
d. Noblesse oblige