The similarities between the 3 types of macromolecules (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids):
- They are considered biomolecules that intervene in the structure and functioning of the living organism.
- They are formed by the chaining of monomers, joined together by characteristic bonds.
- They have high molecular weight.
A macromolecule is the union of a repeat of simpler biological molecules that reach high molecular weights.
Usually formed by the aggregation of specific subunits called monomers, which are linked sequentially to form long chains known as polymers, this is how macromolecules allow living beings to perform all their vital functions.
The differences between the 3 types of macromolecules (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids):
1. Its molecules are united by different characteristic bonds.
- Carbohydrates are formed by monosaccharide molecules linked together via alpha 1-4 and alpha 1-6 glycosidic bonds.
- Lipids make use of the hydrophobic bond to form the large molecular conglomerates that characterize them.
- Proteins are formed by a linear aggregation of amino acids, linked together by peptide bonds.
2. They need different amounts of information for the synthesis of each one.
- Carbohydrates and lipids need relatively little information, since it is not necessary to specify which monomer follows which other.
- On the other hand, for the synthesis of proteins, detailed information regarding the sequence of the monomers that form them is essential.
3. They fulfill different functions within the organism.
- Carbohydrates store energy in animals and plants, respectively, and participate in blood clotting processes and inflammatory reactions.
- Lipids have a structural function, since they make up most of the biomembranes.
- One of the most important functions of proteins is to constitute the fundamental part of enzymes, the main catalysts of cells.
Therefore, the similarities between the 3 types of macromolecules (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids) are large molecules, which usually have a high molecular weight (that is, the sum of their atomic weights is high) and intervene in the structure and functioning of the living organism.
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