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The resting membrane potential depends on two factors that influence the magnitude and direction of Na+ and K+ diffusion across the plasma membrane. Identify these two factors.
A. The presence of a resting membrane potential and leak channels.
B. The presence of concentration gradients and Na+-K+ pumps.
C. The presence of concentration gradients and voltage-gated channels.
D. The presence of concentration gradients and leak channels.

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Answer:

The correct answer is option D. "The presence of concentration gradients and leak channels".

Explanation:

Resting Membrane Potential (RMP) is defined as the differential of charge (measured in voltage) that is present across the cell's membrane when the cell is at rest. The two factors that affect the RMP is the presence of concentration gradients and leak channels. The steeper the concentration gradients, the higher the voltage of the RMP will be. On the other hand the presence of leak channels reduces the RMP, as leak channels allow Na+ and K+ to cross down to its gradient.

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