Answer:
(a) Qc = [NH₃]² / [N₂] × [H₂]
(b) Qc = [NO]⁴ × [H₂O]⁶ / [NH₃]⁴ × [O₂]⁵
(c) Qc = [NH₃] × [HCl]
(d) Qc = [NO₂]⁴ × [O₂]
(e) Qc = [S]⁸ / [S₈]
Explanation:
The reaction quotient (Qc) is equal to the product of the concentrations (at any time) of the products raised to their stoichiometric coefficients divided by the the product of the concentrations (at any time) of the reactants raised to their stoichiometric coefficients. In only includes gases and aqueous species.
(a) N₂(g) + 3 H₂(g) ⇌ 2 NH₃(g)
Qc = [NH₃]² / [N₂] × [H₂]
(b) 4 NH₃(g) + 5 O₂(g) ⇌ 4 NO(g) + 6 H₂O(g)
Qc = [NO]⁴ × [H₂O]⁶ / [NH₃]⁴ × [O₂]⁵
(c) NH₄Cl(s) ⇌ NH₃(g) + HCl(g)
Qc = [NH₃] × [HCl]
(d) 2 Pb(NO₃)₂(s) ⇌ 2 PbO(s) + 4 NO₂(g) + O₂(g)
Qc = [NO₂]⁴ × [O₂]
(e) S₈(g) ⇌ 8 S(g)
Qc = [S]⁸ / [S₈]
The Qc is the ratio of the concentrations of products to the concentration of the reactants.
The reaction quotient is defined as the ratio of the concentrations of the reactants to that of the products under non-equilibrium conditions. For a generic reaction; A + B ⇄ C + D, the correct expression of Qc is obtained from;
[tex]QC = \frac{[C] [D]}{[A] [B]}[/tex]
Hence, for the reactions listed (a) to (e), QC is obtained from;
(a) Qc = [NH₃]² / [N₂] × [H₂]^3
(b) Qc = [NO]⁴ [H₂O]⁶ / [NH₃]⁴ [O₂]⁵
(c) Qc = [NH₃] [HCl]/[NH4Cl]
(d) Qc = [NO₂]⁴ [PbO₂]²[O₂]/[Pb(NO3)]²
(e) Qc = [S]⁸ / [S₈]
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