Answer:
Explanation:
Protons have positive charge and electrons have negative charge. These particles attract one another relative to how many positive & negative particles make up the atom. Increasing positive protons increases the relative attractive force on the electrons thereby requiring more energy to break the attraction. Remember also, the number of protons never changes for a given element but the number of electrons orbiting the nucleus can change by ionization process.
Examples:
Hydrogen has 1 proton and 1 electron. To ionize (i.e.; completely remove e⁻) from any attractive influence of the proton on the electron, 1,312 Kilojoules of energy is required to remove electron.
Helium has 2 protons and 2 electrons. Removing the 1st electron is called the 1st ionization energy => ΔE(1) = 2372 Kilojoules energy and to remove the 2nd electron (2nd ionization energy), 5250 Kilojoules of energy is required. Much higher energies required for He than H because of increased +/- attraction 2 protons in helium than the 1 proton in hydrogen.
