Arthur has failed to understand the principle of Conservation. The seven Piagetian tasks—number (often mastered by age 6), length, liquid, mass, area, weight, and volume—generally tend to be learned in this sequence (usually acquired by age 10).
The first person to investigate conservation as a young child's capacity for logical thinking was the Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget. To put it simply, being able to preserve implies understanding that a quantity remains unchanged when changed (by being stretched, cut, elongated, spread out, shrunk, poured, etc).
A young child who has understood the concept of liquid conservation will understand that the volume—or amount of liquid—hasn't altered. Ask the youngster why they believe the taller glass contains more water if they point to it. Even if the youngster isn't yet cognitively ready to comprehend why, you may pour the water back into the first cup to demonstrate that the quantity hasn't changed as part of this assignment.
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