This illustrates the classical conditioning process known as spontaneous recovery.
Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, first described classical conditioning as a form of unconsciously or automatically learned behavior. Through associations between an unconditioned stimulus and a neutral stimulus, this learning process produces a conditioned response.
To put it another way, classical conditioning is exposing a naturally occurring response to a neutral stimulus first. In the famous dog experiment by Pavlov, salivation in reaction to food served as both the neutral signal and the naturally occurring reflex. The salivation response could be induced by simply connecting the unconditioned stimulus (meal) with the neutral stimulus (tone).
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