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"Why is the electric charge on a solid object always explained in terms of an excess or deficit of electrons?"
a) It is a common and widely accepted model that describes the behavior of electrons in solid objects.
b) It simplifies the explanation of electric charge by focusing on the movement of electrons.
c) The surplus or shortage of electrons directly influences the overall charge of an object.
d) This model aligns with the concept of conservation of charge, where electrons are neither created nor destroyed, they simply move from one object to another.

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Answer:  d) This model aligns with the concept of conservation of charge, where electrons are neither created nor destroyed, they simply move from one object to another.

Explanation:

The explanation of electric charge in terms of excess or deficit of electrons is based on the principle of conservation of charge, which states that electric charge cannot be created or destroyed. It can only transferred from one object to another.

Therefore, when we describe the charge on a solid object in terms of an excess or deficit of electrons, we are essentially describing the movement or redistribution of electrons within that object, which aligns with the conservation of charge principle.

The electric charge on a solid object is not explained in terms of excess or deficit of protons since protons typically remain stationary; it is usually electrons that move from one atom to another.

Final answer:

Electric charge on a solid object is described by the transfer of electrons, where an excess of electrons leads to a negative charge, and a deficit results in a positive charge. The correct answer is d) This aligns with the law of conservation of charge, which states that electrons are only transferred, not created or destroyed.

Explanation:

The electric charge on a solid object is always explained in terms of an excess or deficit of electrons because electrons are the primary charge carriers in solids. Objects become electrically charged due to the transfer of electrons; an excess of electrons results in a negative charge, while a deficit of electrons results in a positive charge. This concept correlates with the law of conservation of charge, which states that charge can neither be created nor destroyed, only transferred from one object to another. Additionally, in conductors, the mobile charge carriers are electrons which can move freely, leading to the manifestation of charge primarily in terms of electron movement. Therefore, The correct answer is d) This aligns with the law of conservation of charge, which states that electrons are only transferred, not created or destroyed.