In elementary school (grades 1 to 6), there is a strong association between a child's height and the child's reading ability. taller children tend to be able to read at a higher level. however, there is a very significant confounding variable that is influencing both height and reading ability. what is it?

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The age of the child is a significant confounding variable that influences both height and reading ability.

Elementary school consists of children aged approximately between age 5 to 12. Children between the ages of 5 and 12 vary considerably in their height. Similarly a child aged 5 will typically have a lower reading ability compared to a child aged 12 due to the latter possessing more advanced language skills and receiving more reading practice.

The confounding variable that ensures a difference between in height and reading ability is Age.

In grades 1 to 6, children are of different ages with the average being 5 - 12. At these ages:

  • Children will have different heights with those that are older being taller on average
  • Children will have different reading ability with those that are older being able to read better thanks to their brains having developed more.

The age of the children is therefore what usually drives both their height and reading ability so we can conclude that age is the confounding variable.

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