1. Outbusts of political organization
2. Action to remedy long standing grievances
3. Union league aided blacks in public sphere
4. Union had been restored
5. Southern states held public majorities
6. 2000 african americans occupied public offices, 14 in the house of reps, 2 in senate
7. Carpetbaggers who were northerners held office in the south.
8. Established the south's first state supported public schools.
9. new government Pioneered civil rights legislation
10. Republicans took steps to strengthen the position of rural laborers and promote the souths economic recovery
