Ryan begins his twenty-page sociology paper at about 5 p.m. on the night before the paper is due. at around 6 p.m., gary requests a favor that would take several hours. ryan grants the favor and ends up leaving himself just a few hours to complete the paper. later, when friends ask ryan about his paper grade, he says, "i got a d because i was helping gary all night instead of writing." this scenario exemplifies a self-presentation process called self-handicapping. overjustification. self-fulfilling prophecy. self-promotion.